什么是ip地址

互联网协议(互联网协议)地址称作网络协议地址，是分配给主机的一个32位地址，由四个字节组成，分为动态互联网协议(互联网协议)地址和静态互联网协议(互联网协议)地址两种。接下来小编为大家整理了什么是互联网协议(互联网协议)地址，希望对你有帮助哦！

互联网协议(互联网协议)地址()是一种在上的给主机编址的方式，也称为网际协议地址。由32位二进制数组成，为便于使用，常以形式表现，每组XXX代表小于等于255的10进制数。例如。中，IP地址是唯一的。目前互联网协议(互联网协议)技术可能使用的互联网协议(互联网协议)地址最多可有约42亿个。骤看可能觉得很难会用尽，但由于早期编码上的问题，使很多编码实际上被丢空或不能使用。加上因特网的普及，使每个家庭都至少有一部电脑，连同公司的电脑，以及连接每个网络的服务器，长此下去，专家担心随着的发展，将不够用。所以相应的科研组织正在研究128位的互联网协议(互联网协议)地址，其互联网协议(互联网协议)地址数量最高可达个，地球上的每一粒沙子都可以拥有自己的互联网协议(互联网协议)地址，这种新版的互联网协议(互联网协议)地址技术叫IPv6。

()是uniquenumberthatdevicesuseinordertoidentifyandcommunicatewitheachotheronanetworkutilizingtheinetternet协议标准.任何参与设备包括记录仪、计算机、时间服务器、互联网传真机和电话计费器必须有自己唯一的地址thiallowsinformationpassedonwardsonbehalfsenderto indicatewheretosenditnext，和对于herereceiveofinformationtoknowthathintended destination .

数字范围从1 .0 .0 .0到255.255.255.255,尽管其中一些sevaluearereserved用于特定目的106 . thidoesnotprovidenoughpossibilitiesforeveryinternetdevicetohaveitsownpermanentnumber。子网路由，networkaddresstranslationandthedynamicsoconfigurationprotocol(DHCP)服务器允许localhonnetworktousesameipaddressessasothernetworkselsewhere thouthenconnectedpointernet。设备机箱网络打印机，web服务器sandemailserversareoftenallocatedstaticipaddressessotheycanalways已找到。

IP addresssarecoceptuallysimilartoponenumbers，exceptheyareusedinlans(localaranetwork)、wan(wideranetwork)或电子互联网.因为互联网上的numbersarenoteasyforhumanstoremember、thedomainnamesystemprovidesaserviceanalogoustoaaaddressbooklookupcalleddomainname resolution、specialdnsservers from adomamainnametonipaddress和反之亦然。

更多细节

互联网协议(知识产权)知道seachlogicalhostinterfacebyannumber，IP地址8 . on anygivennetwork，thinumbermustbeuniqueamonghalthehohitterfacesthatcommunicatethroughthisnownetwork。usersoftheinternetaresometimesgivenahostnameinadditiontoirnumericalipaddressbytheirinternetserviceprovider .

paddressesofusersbrowsingworld wide web被使用启用与网站服务器的通信。此外，它通常在电影中出现。事实上，对于所有程序，statutilizethetcp/IP协议、senderipaddressanddestinationipaddres

sarerequiredinordertoestablishcommunicationsandsenddata.

DependingononesInternetconnectiontheIPaddresscanbethesameeverytimeoneconnects(calledastaticIPaddress),ordifferenteverytimeoneconnects,(calledadynamicIPaddress).InordertouseadynamicIPaddress,theremustexistaserverwhichcanprovidetheaddress.IPaddressesareusuallygivenoutthroughaserverservicecalledDHCPortheDynamicHostConfigurationProtocol.Ifastaticaddressisused,itmustbemanuallyprogrammedintoparametersofthedevicesnetworkinterface.

Internetaddressesareneedednotonlyforuniqueenumerationofhostedinterfaces,butalsoforroutingpurposes,thereforeahighfractionofthemarealwaysunusedorreserved.

TheuniquenatureofIPaddressesmakesitpossibleinmanysituationstotrackwhichcomputerandbyextension,whichpersonhassentamessageorengagedinsomeotheractivityontheInternet.Thisinformationhasbeenusedbylawenforcementauthoritiestoidentifycriminalsuspects;howeverdynamically-assignedIPaddressescanmakethisdifficult.

　　IPversion4

Addressing

Inversion4oftheInternetprotocol(IPv4),thecurrentstandardprotocolfortheInternet,IPaddressesconsistof32bits,whichmakesfor4,294,967,296(over4billion)uniquehostinterfaceaddressesintheory.Ifallofthesewereused,thatwouldbearoundoneIPaddressper21.3squaremeters,or70squarefeet,ofland.Inpractice,becauseaddressesareallocatedinblocks,manyunusedaddressesareunavailable(muchlikeunusedphonenumbersinasparsely-populatedareacode),sothatthereissomepressuretoextendtheaddressrangeviaIPversion6(seebelow).

IPv4addressesarecommonlyexpressedasadottedquad,fouroctets(8bits)separatedbyperiods.Thehostknownaswww.wikipedia.orgcurrentlyhasthenumber****,writtenas207.142.131.236inbase-256:****equals********362560.(Resolvingthenamewww.wikipedia.orgtoitsassociatednumberishandledbyDomainNameSystemservers.)

IPv4addresseswereoriginallydividedintotwoparts:thenetworkandthehost.Alaterchangeincreasedthattothreeparts:thenetwork,thesubnetwork,andthehost,inthatorder.However,withtheadventofclasslessinter-domainrouting(CIDR),thisdistinctionisnolongermeaningful,andtheaddresscanhaveanarbitrarynumberoflevelsofhierarchy.(Technically,thiswasalreadytrueanytimeaftertheadventofsubnets,sinceasitecouldelecttohavemorethanonelevelofsubnettinginsideanetworknumber.)

　　Assignment

Eachinterfaceofadeviceisassigned,atleasttheoretically,auniqueIPaddress.Inpractice,someinterfacesmaybeunnumbered,andmanyaddressesarenotgloballyunique.

Theactualassignmentofanaddressisnotarbitrary.Thefundamentalprincipleofrouting,thataddressesencodeinformationaboutadeviceslocationwithinanetwork,impliesthatanaddressassignedtoonepartofanetworkwillnotfunctioninanotherpartofthenetwork.Ahierarchicalstructure,standardizedbyCIDRandoverseenbytheInternetAssignedNumbersAuthority(IANA)anditsRegionalInternetRegistries(RIRs),managestheassignmentofInternetaddressworldwide.EachRIRmaintainsapublicallysearchableWHOISdatabasethatprovidesinformationaboutIPaddressassignments;informationfromthesedatabasesplaysacentralroleinnumeroustoolswhichattempttolocateIPaddressesgeographically.

　　Exhaustion

SomeprivateIPaddressspacehasbeenallocatedviaRFC1918.ThismeanstheaddressesareavailableforanyusebyanyoneandthereforethesameRFC1918IPaddressescanbereused.HowevertheyarenotroutableontheInternet.Theyareusedextensivelyduetotheshortageofregisterableaddresses.Networkaddresstranslation(NAT)isrequiredtoconnectthosenetworkstotheInternet.

WhileanumberofmeasureshavebeentakentoconservethelimitedexistingIPv4addressspace(suchastheuseofNATandPrivateAddressing),thenumberof32-bitIPaddressesisnotsufficienttoaccommodatethelong-termgrowthoftheInternet.Forthisreason,theplanisthattheInternet128-bitIPv6addressingschemewillbeadoptedoverthenext5to15years.

　　IPversion5

WhatwouldbeconsideredIPv5existedonlyasanexperimentalnon-IPrealtimestreamingprotocolcalledST2,describedinRFC1819.InkeepingwithstandardUNIXreleaseconventions,allodd-numberedversionsareconsideredexperimental,andthisversionwasneverintendedtobeimplemented;theprotocolwasnotabandoned.RSVPhasreplacedittosomedegree.

IPversion6

InIPv6,thenew(butnotyetwidelydeployed)standardprotocolfortheInternet,addressesare128bitswide,which,evenwithgenerousassignmentofnetblocks,shouldsufficefortheforeseeablefuture.Intheory,therewouldbeexactly2128,orabout3.4031038uniquehostinterfaceaddresses.Iftheearthweremadeentirelyoutof1cubicmillimetergrainsofsand,thenyoucouldgiveauniqueaddresstoeachgrainin300millionplanetsthesizeoftheearth.Thislargeaddressspacewillbesparselypopulated,whichmakesitpossibletoagainencodemoreroutinginformationintotheaddressesthemselves.

　　Addressing

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